| 题号 | 题型 | 我的答案 | 正确答案 | 结果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q28 | 其他 | |||
| Q30 | 其他 | |||
| Q31 | 其他 | |||
| Q33 | 其他 | |||
| Q34 | 其他 | |||
| Q35 | 其他 | |||
| Q36 | 其他 | |||
| Q37 | 其他 | |||
| Q38 | 其他 | |||
| Q39 | 其他 |
the importance of taking notes on body language — 你选 G，正确 E
"Where possible, therefore, the recording has to be supplemented by the observer's written comments on the non-verbal behavior of the participants, and about the context in general."
同义替换：body language = non-verbal behavior ｜ taking notes = written comments
how informants can be helped to be less self-conscious — 你选 D，正确 F
"People talk abnormally when they know they are being recorded, and sound quality can be poor."
"Alternatively, attempts can be made to make the speaker forget about the recording, such as keeping the tape recorder out of sight, or using radio microphones."
various methods that can be used to generate specific data — 你选 B，正确 F
"Linguists also make great use of structured sessions, in which they systematically ask their informants for utterances that describe certain actions, objects or behavior."
"There are also several direct methods of elicitation..."
"...asking informants to fill in the blanks in a substitution frame..."
关键词对应：various methods = several direct methods of elicitation ｜ generate specific data = obtain information about just a single variable
Non-linguistic as informant 的 ADVANTAGES — 你填 decisions，正确 foreign languages
"The latter procedure is unavoidable when working on foreign languages, or child speech."
定位技巧：填表题中 "and child speech" 已经给了半个答案，回原文搜 "child speech" 就能快速定位到 "foreign languages, or child speech"。
Recording as informant 的 DISADVANTAGES — 你填 unclear and ambiguous，正确 quality / poor quality
"Speech is often unclear and ambiguous."
"sound quality can be poor"
填空铁律：先看空格前后的语法结构。"___ of sound" 需要名词，直接排除形容词。
Videoing as informant 的 ADVANTAGES — 你填 limitations and transcriptions，正确 facial expressions
"A facial expression, for example, can dramatically alter the meaning of what is said."
"Video recordings avoid these problems to a large extent"
做题步骤：先看表格列标题（ADVANTAGES），确认要找的是优点，再看 "allows ___ to be observed" → 什么东西可以被看到 → facial expressions。
Videoing as informant 的 DISADVANTAGES — 你填 written comments，正确 camera
"even they have limitations (the camera cannot be everywhere)"
关键对应：might miss certain things = cannot be everywhere（可能遗漏 = 不能无处不在）
A linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on ___ — 你填 linguistic analysis，正确 frequency of usage
"A corpus enables the linguist to make unbiased statements about frequency of usage."
同义替换：comment objectively = make unbiased statements ｜ objectively = unbiased（客观地 = 无偏见的）
others are used to focus on a ___ — 你填 whole，正确 particular linguistic feature
"Some corpora attempt to cover the language as a whole, taking extracts from many kinds of text, others are extremely selective, providing a collection of material that deals only with a particular linguistic feature."
The length of time the process takes will affect the ___ — 你填 The size，正确 size
"The size of the corpus depends on practical factors, such as the time available to collect, process and store the data"
又犯了 Q21 同款错误：和火山篇的 "600 years" 一样，答案不要重复题目中已有的词。这次是重复了 "the"。
| 问题类型 | 具体表现 | 错题 | 改进方法 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 同义替换没识别 | body language ≠ non-verbal behavior 没对上 | Q28 | 积累同义替换对，见第四部分 |
| 找到问题但没找到解决方案 | 题目问 how，你停在了问题描述段 | Q30 | how 开头→找方法/措施，不是找问题 |
| 段落功能没判断清 | 混淆"泛泛介绍"和"列举方法" | Q31 | 注意 various methods → 找列举了多种方法的段落 |
| 填空定位不准 | 没用 "child speech" 反向定位 | Q33 | 利用空格旁已有的信息做关键词回原文搜 |
| 填空词性不匹配 | ___ of sound 需要名词，填了形容词 | Q34 | 先判断语法结构再选答案 |
| 张冠李戴 | 优势和缺点搞混；对比句选错半边 | Q35, Q38 | 看清表格列标题（优/缺点）；some vs others 对应清楚 |
| 理解反了 | 把录音补充手段当成 videoing 缺点 | Q36 | 回原文确认主语是什么 |
| 同义替换没识别 | objectively = unbiased 没对上 | Q37 | 积累同义替换对 |
| 重复题干已有词（老毛病） | 题目有 the，又写了 The size | Q39 | 答案绝不重复题目已有的词！ |
| 原文表达 | 题目/选项表达 | 中文 | 题号 |
|---|---|---|---|
written comments on non-verbal behavior | taking notes on body language | 对非语言行为的书面评注 → 记录肢体语言 | non-verbal behavior（非语言行为）= body language（肢体语言），written comments（书面评注）= taking notes（做笔记），两组替换叠加 |
make the speaker forget about the recording / keep recorder out of sight | how informants can be helped to be less self-conscious | 让说话者忘记录音 / 把录音器放在看不到的地方 → 帮助被调查者不那么拘谨 | "忘记录音""看不到录音器"是具体措施，效果就是让人 less self-conscious（不那么紧张），措施→效果的替换 |
several direct methods of elicitation / structured sessions | various methods to generate specific data | 几种直接的引导方法 / 结构化访谈 → 多种方法来获取特定数据 | various = several（多种），generate specific data = elicitation / obtain information about a single variable（获取特定数据），方法的不同说法 |
unavoidable | necessary | 不可避免的 → 必要的 | unavoidable（无法避免的）≈ necessary（必须的），都表示"不得不用这种方法" |
sound quality can be poor | ___ of sound（= quality/poor quality of sound） | 音质可能很差 → 声音的质量（差） | 原文是形容词短语描述，题目要求用名词形式填入，poor quality 是名词化的表达 |
facial expression can dramatically alter meaning | allows speakers' ___ to be observed | 面部表情能极大改变含义 → 让说话者的___能被观察到 | facial expression 在原文是解释为什么重要，在题目中变成了 videoing 能捕捉到的对象，角度不同但指向同一事物 |
the camera cannot be everywhere | ___ might miss certain things | 摄像机不能无处不在 → ___可能会遗漏某些东西 | cannot be everywhere（不能无处不在）= might miss certain things（可能遗漏），"覆盖不全"的两种说法 |
make unbiased statements about frequency of usage | comment objectively on ___ | 对使用频率做出无偏见的陈述 → 客观评论___ | objectively（客观地）= unbiased（无偏见的），comment = make statements（评论=做出陈述），替换后答案对象是 frequency of usage |
others are extremely selective, dealing only with a particular linguistic feature | others are used to focus on a ___ | 其他语料库极具选择性，只处理某个特定语言特征 → 其他的用于聚焦于___ | extremely selective（极具选择性）= focus on（聚焦于），dealing only with = 只关注 |