目录 双语
剑5 · Test 3 · Passage 3

The Return of Artificial Intelligence

AI回归 用时 34:32
6/14
总分
43%
正确率
8
错题
答题总览
题号题型我的答案正确答案结果
Q31填空题CB
Q32T/F/NGTRUENOT GIVEN
Q34T/F/NGTRUENOT GIVEN
Q35T/F/NGNOT GIVEN正确 TRUE
Q36T/F/NGNOT GIVENFALSE
Q37T/F/NGFALSE正确 TRUE
Q38填空题a (a general theory of AI would never be developed)b
Q39填空题b (premature implementation)a (changing perceptions)
错题逐题分析
Q31 填空题 正确 B

where the expression AI was first used

我的答案
C
正确答案
B
原文

"The field was launched, and the term 'artificial intelligence' coined, at a conference in 1956..."

关键词：coined = 首次创造/使用（一个词或短语）。这是 538 考点词第 1 类 #10，你之前背过。

Q32 T/F/NG 正确 NOT GIVEN

The researchers who launched AI had worked together on other projects in the past.

我的答案
TRUE
正确答案
NOT GIVEN
原文

"...a group of researchers that included Minsky, McCarthy, Simon and Newell, all of whom went on to become leading figures in the field."

过度推理：你可能觉得"他们一起开了会 = 之前肯定合作过"，但"一起开会"不等于"之前合作过其他项目"。

Q34 T/F/NG 正确 NOT GIVEN

Research into agent technology was more costly than research into neural networks.

我的答案
TRUE
正确答案
NOT GIVEN
原文

"...researchers opted to align themselves with specific sub-disciplines such as neural networks, agent technology, case-based reasoning, and so on."

典型 NG：原文提到了两个事物（agent technology 和 neural networks），但没有对它们进行任何比较。"提到了两个东西" ≠ "比较了两个东西"。

Q35 T/F/NG 正确 正确 TRUE

Applications of AI have already had a degree of success.

我的答案
NOT GIVEN
正确答案
正确 TRUE
原文

"And it is not always hype. The term is being applied, with some justification, to products that depend on technology that was originally developed by AI researchers."

"the technologies that made it onto the market, such as speech recognition, language translation and decision-support software..."

错因分析
  • with some justification（有一定依据地）= a degree of success（一定程度的成功）
  • made it onto the market（成功进入市场）= had success
教训
with some justification= 有一定道理 = 有一定成功/成果。这是一个含蓄的肯定表达。made it onto the market= 成功商业化 = had success。
Q36 T/F/NG 正确 FALSE

The problems waiting to be solved by AI have not changed since 1967.

我的答案
NOT GIVEN
正确答案
FALSE
原文

"Individual systems can play chess or transcribe speech, but a general theory of machine intelligence still remains elusive."

"Prototypes of medical-diagnosis programs and speech recognition software appeared to be making progress."

错因分析
  • 1967 年时的问题是创造通用人工智能（Minsky 说"一代人内解决"）
  • 现在的情况是：单一系统可以下棋、转录语音，但通用理论仍然遥远
  • 同时 F 段提到了新的 AI 问题：信息过滤和分类（information overload）——这是以前没有的问题
  • 所以 AI 面临的问题已经变了（既有新问题出现，也有旧问题被部分解决）→ "have not changed" 是错的 → FALSE
教训
判断 "have not changed since X" 这种题，要找原文中时间 X 前后的对比。如果能找到变化的证据 → FALSE。这篇原文多处展示了变化（新问题出现 + 旧问题部分解决）。
Q37 T/F/NG 正确 正确 TRUE

The film 2001 reflected contemporary ideas about the potential of AI computers.

我的答案
FALSE
正确答案
正确 TRUE
原文

"HAL thus encapsulated the optimism of the 1960s that intelligent computers would be widespread by 2001."

关键词：contemporary = 当时的、同时代的（不一定是"现代的"）。encapsulate = 概括、浓缩 = reflect。

错因分析
  • reflected contemporary ideas（反映了当时的想法）= encapsulated the optimism of the 1960s（概括了60年代的乐观精神）
  • the potential of AI computers = intelligent computers would be widespread
  • "contemporary" 指的是电影上映时的年代（1969/1960s），不是指现在
Q38 填空题 正确 b

According to researchers, in the late 1980s there was a feeling that...

我的答案
a (a general theory of AI would never be developed)
正确答案
b
原文

"'There was undue optimism in the early 1980s,' says David Leake... 'Then when people realised these were hard problems, there was retrenchment.'"

错因分析
  • undue optimism（过度乐观）= original expectations may not have been justified（最初的期望可能没有依据）
  • 原文没有说"永远不会开发出通用理论"（选项 a），只是说当初的期望过高了
Q39 填空题 正确 a (changing perceptions)

the reputation of AI suffered as a result of...

我的答案
b (premature implementation)
正确答案
a (changing perceptions)
原文

"Whenever an apparently mundane problem was solved... the problem was deemed not to have been AI in the first place. 'If it works, it can't be AI'..."
"The effect of repeatedly moving the goal-posts..."

错因分析
  • changing perceptions（认知变化）= "moving the goal-posts"（不断移动标准）+ "deemed not to have been AI"（被重新认定为不是AI）
  • AI 的声誉受损是因为人们对"什么算AI"的看法不断变化——一旦实现了就不算 AI 了。这是 perception（认知）的问题，不是 implementation（实施）的问题。
  • premature implementation = 过早实施——但原文说的不是"实施太早"，而是"一旦成功实施就不再被认为是 AI"。
教训
moving the goal-posts= 不断改变标准/认知 = changing perceptions。这道题考的是对原文论点的理解——AI 声誉受损的原因是"认知偏见"（成功了就不算AI），不是"过早实施"。
核心问题总结
问题类型具体表现错题改进方法
coined 没识别coined = first used，选错了段落Q31coin 是 538 考点词第 1 类 #10，必须记牢
过度推理选 TRUE（又来了）"一起开会" ≠ "之前合作过"；列举分支 ≠ 比较成本Q32, Q34原文没说的信息不能自己推理，没说 = NG
含蓄肯定表达没识别"with some justification" + "made it onto the market" = 有一定成功Q35学术文中的含蓄肯定也是肯定：with some justification = to a degree
FALSE 没找到变化证据"have not changed since 1967" 但原文展示了多处变化Q36时间对比题找前后差异，有差异 = FALSE
contemporary 理解错误当成"现代的"而不是"那个时代的"Q37contemporary = 同时代的，要结合语境判断指哪个时代
选择题选了"看起来相关"的undue optimism = expectations not justified，不是 "never developed"Q38, Q39选择题每个选项的每个关键词必须对应原文
同义替换积累
原文表达题目/选项表达中文题号
coined (at a conference in 1956)first used创造（一个术语） = 首次使用Q31
with some justification / made it onto the marketa degree of success有一定依据 / 进入市场 = 一定程度的成功Q35
encapsulated the optimism of the 1960sreflected contemporary ideas概括了60年代的乐观 = 反映了当时的想法Q37
undue optimism / retrenchmentoriginal expectations may not have been justified过度乐观 / 收缩 = 最初的期望可能没有依据Q38
moving the goal-posts / deemed not to have been AIchanging perceptions不断移动标准 / 被认为不是AI = 认知变化Q39
关键词汇积累
词汇释义雅思高频真题出现
coin /kɔɪn/v. 创造（新词/新说法） 538考点词 第1类 #10剑5T3P3（Q31 直接考了）
contemporary /kənˈtempərəri/adj. 同时代的；当代的（多义词！） 学术核心词剑5T3P3（Q37 考了语境义）
encapsulate /ɪnˈkæpsjʊleɪt/v. 概括，浓缩 学术阅读剑5T3P3
retrenchment /rɪˈtrentʃmənt/n. 紧缩，削减 学术/经济话题剑5T3P3
disparate /ˈdɪspərət/adj. 完全不同的，不相干的 538考点词（第3类）剑5T3P3
cybernetics /ˌsaɪbəˈnetɪks/n. 控制论 — 专业词剑5T3P3
materialise /məˈtɪəriəlaɪz/v. 实现，成为现实 学术阅读剑5T3P3
backlash /ˈbæklæʃ/n. 强烈反对，反弹 社会话题剑5T3P3
camouflaged /ˈkæməflɑːʒd/adj. 伪装的 军事/科技话题剑5T3P3
exacerbated /ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪtɪd/v. 加剧，恶化 学术核心词剑5T3P3
本篇 Takeaway
  1. coined 没识别：coin 是 538 考点词第 1 类 #10，必须记牢
  2. 过度推理选 TRUE（又来了）：原文没说的信息不能自己推理，没说 = NG
  3. 含蓄肯定表达没识别：学术文中的含蓄肯定也是肯定：with some justification = to a degree
  4. FALSE 没找到变化证据：时间对比题找前后差异，有差异 = FALSE
  5. contemporary 理解错误：contemporary = 同时代的，要结合语境判断指哪个时代
  6. 选择题选了"看起来相关"的：选择题每个选项的每个关键词必须对应原文