双语目录

剑6 · Test 2 · Passage 3

Numeration

计数系统的起源与演化用时 37:36

9/14

总分

64%

正确率

错题

句子补全匹配 0/5 全错

Q27-31 全部错误。5道题的答案整体错位——说明不是个别题审题失误，而是对 matching 题的做题方法有系统性问题。没有逐题回原文定位，而是凭印象批量匹配，导致选项和题干的对应关系全部串线。

TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 9/9 全对

Q32-40 全部正确！包括容易混淆的 NG 题（Q36、Q40）和绝对词判断（Q35 "All cultures"→FALSE）。TF/NG 的判断能力已经相当扎实。

答题总览

题号	题型	我的答案	正确答案	结果
Q27	句子补全匹配	G	B	错误
Q28	句子补全匹配	B	E	错误
Q29	句子补全匹配	F	A	错误
Q30	句子补全匹配	E	C	错误
Q31	句子补全匹配	A	G	错误
Q32	TRUE/FALSE/NG	TRUE	TRUE	正确
Q33	TRUE/FALSE/NG	FALSE	FALSE	正确
Q34	TRUE/FALSE/NG	TRUE	TRUE	正确
Q35	TRUE/FALSE/NG	FALSE	FALSE	正确
Q36	TRUE/FALSE/NG	NOT GIVEN	NOT GIVEN	正确
Q37	TRUE/FALSE/NG	TRUE	TRUE	正确
Q38	TRUE/FALSE/NG	FALSE	FALSE	正确
Q39	TRUE/FALSE/NG	TRUE	TRUE	正确
Q40	TRUE/FALSE/NG	NOT GIVEN	NOT GIVEN	正确

错题详解（5 题）

Q27 句子补全匹配 A developed system of numbering → ?

我的答案

G. was a characteristic of early numeration systems

正确答案

B. was necessary when people began farming

原文第2段

As they began to settle, grow plants and herd animals, the need for a sophisticated number system became paramount.

错因分析

同义替换链：sophisticated number system = developed system of numbering；settle, grow plants and herd animals = began farming
"became paramount"（变得至关重要）= was necessary
选 G "was a characteristic of early numeration systems" 逻辑矛盾——"developed"和"early"是反义词，发达的计数系统恰恰不是早期系统的特征
根本原因：没有回原文定位，看到"numeration"就和选项中含"numeration"的 G 匹配了

教训

matching 题必须逐题回原文找同义替换，不能看到关键词相似就选。"developed"对应原文"sophisticated"，"farming"对应"grow plants and herd animals"。

Q28 句子补全匹配 An additional hand signal → ?

我的答案

B. was necessary when people began farming

正确答案

E. was used when the range of number words was restricted

原文第3段

But in real situations the number and words are often accompanied by gestures to help resolve any confusion. For example, when using the one, two, many type of system, the word many would mean, Look at my hands and see how many fingers I am showing you. This basic approach is limited in the range of numbers that it can express.

错因分析

同义替换链：hand signal = gestures；range of number words was restricted = limited in the range of numbers / one, two, many type of system
"was used"表示手势的使用场景——当数字词汇范围有限时，就需要借助手势辅助
选 B "was necessary when people began farming" 和手势完全无关——farming 对应的是 Q27 的"developed system of numbering"
这道题本来是最直接的匹配：gestures → hand signal，limited range → restricted，两组同义替换都很明显

教训

hand signal 在原文中就是 gestures，这个替换不难识别。错误来自没有独立做题，而是用前一题的"剩余选项"来凑——matching 题每道题都要独立定位，不能用排除法凑答案。

Q29 句子补全匹配 In seventh-century Europe, the ability to count to a certain number → ?

我的答案

F. can be traced back to early European languages

正确答案

A. was necessary in order to fulfil a civic role

原文第4段

In fact, to qualify as a witness in a court of law a man had to be able to count to nine!

错因分析

关键同义替换：qualify as a witness in a court of law = fulfil a civic role（当法庭证人 = 履行公民职责）
"had to be able to count to nine" = "the ability to count to a certain number was necessary"
选 F "can be traced back to early European languages" 说的是语言追溯，但题干问的是"数到某个数字的能力有什么用"，不是数字词汇的语源
混淆了同一段中的两个信息：第4段既讲了 European languages 的数字词汇贫乏（对应选项 F 的某些元素），又讲了法庭证人需要会数数（对应选项 A）。但题干定位在"ability to count to a certain number"，直接指向法庭证人那句话

教训

"civic role"= 公民角色/公民职责，包括当法庭证人、陪审员等公共身份。这个词组要记住。同一段落中有多个信息点时，必须精确匹配题干中的关键词，而不是笼统地把整段内容当成一个主题。

Q30 句子补全匹配 Thinking about numbers as concepts separate from physical objects → ?

我的答案

E. was used when the range of number words was restricted

正确答案

C. was necessary for the development of arithmetic

原文第5段

Perhaps the most fundamental step in developing a sense of number is not the ability to count, but rather to see that a number is really an abstract idea instead of a simple attachment to a group of particular objects... the individual is ready to take the first step toward the development of a notational system for numbers and, from there, to arithmetic.

错因分析

同义替换链：concepts separate from physical objects = abstract idea instead of a simple attachment to a group of particular objects
原文的逻辑链：数字抽象化 → 符号系统 → arithmetic（算术）
选项 C "was necessary for the development of arithmetic" 精确匹配了"from there, to arithmetic"
选 E "was used when the range of number words was restricted" 完全对不上——restricted range 说的是第3段的手势辅助，不是第5段的数字抽象化

教训

这道题的原文定位非常清晰——第5段最后一句直接说了"to arithmetic"。如果认真回原文读一遍，不可能选错。错误完全源于没有逐题定位。

Q31 句子补全匹配 Expressing number differently according to class of item → ?

我的答案

A. was necessary in order to fulfil a civic role

正确答案

G. was a characteristic of early numeration systems

原文第6段

The numeration system of the Tsimshian language... contains seven distinct sets of words for numbers according to the class of the item being counted... It seems that the last is a later development while the first six groups show the relics of an older system.

错因分析

题干 "differently according to class of item" = 原文 "distinct sets of words... according to the class of the item"——几乎原词出现
"relics of an older system" = "a characteristic of early numeration systems"：older/early 同义替换，relics（遗迹）= characteristic（特征）
选 A "was necessary in order to fulfil a civic role" 是法庭证人的内容，完全在另一个段落

教训

relics = 遗留/特征，older = early。这道题的匹配线索非常明显，"according to the class of item" 甚至是原词出现。再次证明：只要回原文定位就不会错。

句子补全匹配题方法论（系统性总结）

这次 5 题全错暴露了做题方法的根本问题。以下是正确的做题步骤：

先读选项 A-G，快速理解每个选项在说什么，标注关键词
逐题做：读一道题干 → 回原文找对应句子 → 找到后再去匹配选项
先定位，后匹配：不能看到题干和选项有相同关键词就直接连线。必须通过原文这个"桥梁"来确认
划掉已用选项：每确认一个答案就划掉该选项，缩小范围
注意同义替换：题干和选项通常不会用原文原词，要识别替换——
· sophisticated = developed
· gestures = hand signal
· qualify as a witness = fulfil a civic role
· abstract idea = concepts separate from physical objects
· relics of an older system = characteristic of early systems
绝对不能批量凭感觉匹配——这是这次全错的根本原因

同义替换积累

原文表达	题目/选项表达	替换说明	出处
sophisticated number system	developed system of numbering	精密的 = 发达的	Q27
settle, grow plants and herd animals	people began farming	定居+种植+放牧 = 开始农耕	Q27
became paramount	was necessary	变得至关重要 = 有必要	Q27
gestures	hand signal	手势（同义）	Q28
limited in the range of numbers	range of number words was restricted	范围有限 = 范围受限	Q28
qualify as a witness in a court of law	fulfil a civic role	获得法庭证人资格 = 履行公民职责	Q29
abstract idea instead of attachment to objects	concepts separate from physical objects	抽象概念 vs 具体物品	Q30
from there, to arithmetic	necessary for the development of arithmetic	从而到达算术 = 对算术发展必要	Q30
relics of an older system	characteristic of early numeration systems	旧系统的遗迹 = 早期系统的特征	Q31
Is this enough?	concept of sufficiency	够了吗？= 充足性概念	Q32
How many?	concept of quantity	多少？= 数量概念	Q32
one, two, many	only... terms to indicate numbers	只有三个词来表达数量	Q33
accompanied by gestures	use body language	伴随手势 = 使用肢体语言	Q34
resolve any confusion	prevent misunderstanding	消除困惑 = 防止误解	Q34
very poor in number words	not as familiar with numbers	数字词汇很匮乏 = 不太熟悉数字	Q37

核心词汇

词汇	释义	原文语境
numeration	n. 计数（法）；编号	system of numeration
feat	n. 壮举，技艺	one of the first great intellectual feats
conviction	n. 确信，信念	leads to the conviction that
paramount	adj. 至关重要的	the need... became paramount
indigenous	adj. 本土的，原住民的	the indigenous peoples of Tasmania
suffice	v. 足够，够用	this range will generally suffice
Gothic	adj. 哥特式的；古日耳曼的	the ancient Gothic word for ten
interchangeable	adj. 可互换的	teon had become interchangeable with tachund
denote	v. 表示，意味着	100 was denoted as hund teontig
abstract	adj. 抽象的	a number is really an abstract idea
hindrance	n. 阻碍，妨碍	a great hindrance to the development
notational	adj. 标记法的	a notational system for numbers
relic	n. 遗迹，残余	show the relics of an older system
numerate	v. 计数；列举	counting when no particular object is being numerated
indispensable	adj. 不可或缺的	these aids would have been indispensable
civic	adj. 公民的，市民的	fulfil a civic role（选项用语）
pebble	n. 鹅卵石	matching... against a group of pebbles

问题模式汇总

错误类型	题号	具体表现	累计次数
Matching 题未逐题定位原文	Q27-31	5 道题全错，答案整体错位。凭印象批量匹配而非逐题回原文定位+同义替换确认，导致选项与题干的对应关系全部串线	系统性首次暴露
关键词相似就选（表层匹配）	Q27	看到题干 "numbering" 和选项 G "numeration" 有相同词根就选了，没有验证语义是否一致（developed ≠ early）	同义替换识别弱的变体
不识别 civic role 这类学术表达	Q29	"qualify as a witness in a court of law" = "fulfil a civic role" 这个替换没有建立起来，说明对 civic（公民的）这个词的理解不足	词汇障碍导致匹配失败

三大收获

TF/NG 能力已经很稳：9/9 全对，包括 NG 判断和绝对词识别。这是长期复盘积累的成果，说明之前总结的"NG vs FALSE"判断方法和"绝对词不一定错"的经验已经内化了。
Matching 题暴露了系统性方法缺失：5 题全错不是偶然——根本原因是没有逐题回原文定位，而是试图凭对文章的整体印象"批量匹配"。从今天开始执行"一题一定位"原则：读一道题干→回原文找关键句→确认同义替换→再选答案。
新增高频同义替换：sophisticated = developed, gestures = hand signal, qualify as a witness = fulfil a civic role, relics of an older system = characteristic of early systems。这些都是 matching 题中常见的替换模式，civic role 这个表达尤其要记住。