剑6 · Test 3 · Passage 3

The Search for the Anti-aging Pill

热量限制与抗衰老药物研究 用时 29:12
8/13
总分
62%
正确率
5
错题
YES/NO/NG 3/5 — YES 和 NG 互判
Q30 把 YES 判成了 NG,Q31 把 NG 判成了 YES。两题恰好互换了判断逻辑:对原文有支持证据的不敢选 YES,原文没有涉及的维度却大胆选了 YES。
分类配对 3/5 — 原文细节遗漏
Q35 把 C(neither) 错选为 A(CR monkeys):原文只说了"低热量饮食能否延长寿命还需更久观察",不是说已经证明了。Q37 也涉及对 insulin 水平的精确理解。
流程图填空 1/3 — 看图不看原文
Q38 对了(glucose),但 Q39 和 Q40 都填错。流程图题必须回到原文逐句对应,不能凭理解猜词。
答题总览
题号题型我的答案正确答案结果
Q28YES/NO/NGNONO 正确
Q29YES/NO/NGYESYES 正确
Q30YES/NO/NGNOT GIVENYES 错误
Q31YES/NO/NGYESNOT GIVEN 错误
Q32YES/NO/NGYESYES 正确
Q33分类配对A (CR monkeys)A 正确
Q34分类配对B (control)B 正确
Q35分类配对A (CR monkeys)C (neither) 错误
Q36分类配对A (CR monkeys)A 正确
Q37分类配对C (neither)B (control) 存疑
Q38流程图填空glucoseglucose 正确
Q39流程图填空machineryfree radicals 错误
Q40流程图填空indicatepreservation 错误
错题详解(5 题 + 1 题存疑)
Q30 YES/NO/NG

题干:Not many people are likely to find a caloric-restricted diet attractive.

我的答案
NOT GIVEN
正确答案
YES
原文关键句(第2段)
...people would probably have to reduce their caloric intake by roughly thirty percent... Few mortals could stick to that harsh a regimen, especially for years on end.
  • 题目说"不太多人会觉得低热量饮食有吸引力"
  • 原文说 "Few mortals could stick to that harsh a regimen"——很少有人能坚持这种严苛的饮食方案
  • Few mortals could stick to = not many people would find it attractive
  • "harsh"(严苛)这个词本身就暗示了"没有吸引力"
  • 你选 NOT GIVEN,可能是因为原文说的是"坚持不了"而不是"不觉得有吸引力"——但一个被描述为"harsh"且"几乎没人能坚持"的饮食方案,作者的立场就是它对大多数人没有吸引力
教训
Few could stick to + harsh 就是在说"不太可能有人觉得它有吸引力"。YES/NO/NG 中,如果原文的描述和题干虽然用了不同的词但方向完全一致,就是 YES。不要因为用词不完全一样就退缩选 NG。
Q31 YES/NO/NG

题干:Diet-related diseases are common in older people.

我的答案
YES
正确答案
NOT GIVEN
原文相关句(第2段)
...postponing age-related disorders (such as diabetes, arteriosclerosis, heart disease and cancer) until very late in life?
  • 题目说的是 "diet-related diseases"(与饮食相关的疾病)
  • 原文说的是 "age-related disorders"(与年龄相关的疾病)
  • diet-related ≠ age-related——这是两个不同的概念
  • 虽然原文列举的疾病(糖尿病、心脏病等)确实和饮食有一定关系,但原文的限定词是 age-related(衰老相关),不是 diet-related(饮食相关)
  • 原文没有讨论过"与饮食相关的疾病在老年人中是否常见"这个命题,所以是 NOT GIVEN
教训
限定词不同 = 讨论的维度不同。age-related 和 diet-related 虽然列举的疾病可能重叠,但作者讨论的角度是"衰老"而非"饮食"。不要用常识补充原文没有说的因果关系。
Q35 分类配对

题干:Monkeys have been shown to experience a longer than average life span.

我的答案
A — caloric-restricted monkeys
正确答案
C — neither
原文关键句(第6段末尾)
They and the other monkeys must be followed still longer, however, to know whether low-calorie intake can increase both average and maximum lifespans in monkeys.
  • 题目问"猴子是否已经被证明(have been shown to)寿命超过平均"
  • 原文说的是 "must be followed still longer to know whether"——必须继续跟踪更长时间才能知道
  • 这意味着:目前还没有得出结论,无论是 CR 猴子还是 control 猴子,都没有被证明延长了寿命
  • "have been shown"要求有已证实的结果,而原文明确说实验还在进行中,结论尚未出来
  • 你选了 A (CR monkeys),可能是因为前文大量描述 CR 动物活得更长(老鼠实验),然后推理到猴子——但原文明确说猴子实验尚未得出寿命延长的结论
教训
"must be followed still longer to know whether" = 结论未出。题目用 "have been shown" 问的是已证实的事实,但原文明确表示猴子实验还在进行中。不要把老鼠实验的结论套用到猴子身上。
Q37 ⚠️ 存疑 分类配对

题干:Monkeys produced greater quantities of insulin.

你的答案
C — neither
官方答案
B — control monkeys
原文关键句(第5段)
...caloric-restricted monkeys have lower body temperatures and levels of the pancreatic hormone insulin...
  • 原文说 CR 猴子的 insulin 水平更低(lower levels of insulin)
  • 这是和 control 组对比的结果("compared with control animals that eat normally")
  • 所以 control 猴子的 insulin 水平相对更高——官方答案判 B (control monkeys)
  • 你选了 C (neither),爱听写 app 似乎也判了 C 为正确——但从原文逻辑看,B 更合理
  • 严格来说,"greater quantities"并不等于"正常水平",control 组只是没有被降低,但这种"比较级隐含"在雅思中通常被认为成立
教训
当原文说A组"lower"某指标时,就意味着对照组该指标相对higher。"greater quantities"可以通过比较级反推得出。官方答案 B 的逻辑:CR 猴 insulin 低 → control 猴 insulin 相对高 = "greater quantities"。
Q39 流程图填空 Theory 1

流程图空格:cells less damaged by disease because fewer 39 ______ are emitted

我的答案
machinery
正确答案
free radicals
原文关键句(最后一段 Theory 1)
One possibility relates to the ATP-making machinery's emission of free radicals, which are thought to contribute to aging... Reduced operation of the machinery should limit their production and thereby constrain the damage.
  • 流程图说 "fewer ______ are emitted"——什么东西被释放出来且变少了?
  • 原文说 ATP-making machinery 释放 free radicals(自由基),减少运转就能限制自由基的产生
  • 被释放(emitted)的是 free radicals,不是 machinery
  • 你填了 machinery,但 machinery 是释放者(主语),不是被释放的东西(宾语)
  • 这是典型的主谓宾关系搞混:machinery emits free radicals → fewer free radicals are emitted
教训
流程图填空要严格区分主语和宾语。"fewer ______ are emitted" 需要的是被释放的对象(free radicals),不是释放的主体(machinery)。做填空时把答案放回句子通读一遍:"fewer machinery are emitted"语法和语义都不通
Q40 流程图填空 Theory 2

流程图空格:cells focus on 40 ______ ... because food is in short supply

我的答案
indicate
正确答案
preservation
原文关键句(最后一段 Theory 2)
...decreased processing of glucose could indicate to cells that food is scarce... and induce them to shift into an anti-aging mode that emphasizes preservation of the organism over such 'luxuries' as growth and reproduction.
  • 流程图说 "cells focus on ______"——细胞专注于什么?
  • 原文说细胞转入 anti-aging 模式,强调 preservation(保存/保全)而非 growth 和 reproduction
  • cells focus on = emphasizes → 答案是 preservation
  • 你填了 indicate,但 indicate 在原文中的角色是"葡萄糖减少向细胞发出信号"——这是因果链的上游动作,不是细胞最终专注的目标
  • 这说明你没有完整追踪因果链:glucose减少 → indicate(发信号)→ 细胞转入抗衰模式 → 专注于 preservation
教训
流程图填空要精确对应因果链中的位置。indicate 是"发信号"的动作(原因),preservation 是"细胞最终关注的目标"(结果)。"cells focus on ______" 问的是结果,不是触发动作。做完后把答案放回流程图通读:"cells focus on indicate" 语法不通,应立即发现问题。
关键同义替换
原文题目/选项出处
no treatment has been proved to slow human agingdrugs available today can delay the process of growing oldQ28
caloric restriction could delay aging and increase longevity in humanseating fewer calories may extend human lifeQ29
few mortals could stick to that harsh a regimennot many people are likely to find it attractiveQ30
age-related disorders≠ diet-related diseases(限定词不同)Q31
rats fed a low-calorie diet lived longer on average than free-feeding ratsrats who ate what they wanted led shorter livesQ32
lower levels of insulin (CR) → 反推 control 更高produced greater quantities of insulinQ37
must be followed still longer to know whetherhave been shown to experience (尚未被证实)Q35
machinery's emission of free radicalsfewer ______ are emittedQ39
emphasizes preservation of the organismcells focus on ______Q40
重点词汇
单词释义原文语境
caloric restriction热量限制consumption of a low-calorie yet nutritionally balanced diet
mimeticn. 模拟物,模仿物a caloric-restriction mimetic
regimenn. (饮食/治疗)方案that harsh a regimen
longevityn. 长寿increasing longevity and prolonging good health
arteriosclerosisn. 动脉硬化age-related disorders such as arteriosclerosis
rodentn. 啮齿动物in rodents seemed to reproduce many of CR's benefits
incidencen. 发病率a reduced incidence of conditions
lifespann. 寿命the maximum lifespan increased
triglyceriden. 甘油三酯lower triglyceride levels
elixirn. 灵丹妙药the multitude of elixirs being touted as anti-aging cure
adenosine triphosphate三磷酸腺苷(ATP)generate ATP
free radicals自由基the machinery's emission of free radicals
retardv. 延缓,减慢might retard aging
toutv. 吹嘘,兜售elixirs being touted as the latest anti-aging cure
错误类型归纳
错误类型涉及题号频次
YES/NG 互判(有证据不敢选YES / 换了维度大胆选YES)Q30, Q312
限定词偷换(age-related ≠ diet-related)Q311
把"未证实"当"已证实"(must be followed still longer)Q351
主谓宾关系搞混(填了释放者而非被释放物)Q391
因果链位置定错(填了触发动作而非最终目标)Q401
答案放回通读检验缺失Q39, Q402
本篇核心教训
  1. YES/NO/NG 的三步检验法:①找到原文对应句 → ②判断原文是否讨论了题干的维度 → ③如果讨论了,方向是否一致。Q30 原文用 "few/harsh" 明确表达了负面态度=YES;Q31 原文讨论的是 age-related 不是 diet-related=换了维度=NG。
  2. 限定词是命门age-related ≠ diet-related。即使列举的疾病看起来都和饮食有关,但作者的限定词不同,就意味着讨论的角度不同。不要用常识补原文。
  3. "must be followed still longer to know whether" = 尚无定论。题目问 "have been shown"(已证明),原文说"还需观察更久才能知道"——两者矛盾,答案是 C(neither)。
  4. 流程图必须回原文逐句对应。Q39 的坑:machinery emits free radicals,被释放的是 free radicals 而不是 machinery。Q40 的坑:indicate 是动作,preservation 才是细胞专注的目标。
  5. 填空完成后必须把答案放回通读。"fewer machinery are emitted" 和 "cells focus on indicate" 语法都不通——通读一遍就能发现问题。