Cambridge 6 · Test 4 · Passage 2

Do Literate Women Make Better Mothers? 识字女性与育儿

Summary 填空 + Y/N/NG + 双选题 · 用时 35:26
正确
6/13
正确率
46%
错题
7
题型能力诊断
2/5
Summary 填空(Q14-18)· 最弱项
3/6
Y/N/NG(Q19-24)· 无法锁定关键句
1/2
双选题(Q25-26)· B 反向陷阱
35:26
时间控制 · 超出 20 分钟目标 75%
整体表现:本篇 13 题正确 6 题(46%),对应雅思阅读 5.0 分段。Summary 填空盲选严重(3 错),Y/N/NG 强度词陷阱连错两题(Q23/Q24)。
共同根源:看到陌生选项不回原文定位,凭直觉选;遇到 lowest / severely 等强度词不做数据/语气对齐。本篇的 7 道错题几乎全部可以通过「回原文找同义替换 + 验证属性词」避开。
Q16 Summary 填空 · 主体误判
题干:This question has been investigated by ___16___ in Nicaragua.
你的答案 · I
a National Literacy Crusade
正确答案 · C
an international research team
researchers from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, the Central American Institute of Health in Nicaragua, the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua and the Costa Rican Institute of Health interviewed nearly 3,000 women...
定位:原文第 4 段列举了来自 4 个国家的 4 个研究机构 → 这就是 international research team 的同义替换。
I 为什么不对:National Literacy Crusade(全国扫盲运动)是被研究的「事件背景」,不是「调查这个问题的主体」。题干 investigated by 的主语必须是「研究者」,不是「运动」本身。
看到 investigated by / conducted by,主语必须是「人/机构」。原文只要列举了多国研究机构,就是 international team。别被熟悉的专有名词(Crusade)迷惑。
Q17 Summary 填空 · 并列结构
题干:As a result, factors such as ___17___ and attitudes to children have been eliminated...
你的答案 · D
medical care
正确答案 · J
family wealth
the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family's wealth or that it values its children more highly.
定位:原文第 2 段明确指出「受过教育可能只是表明家庭财富 重视孩子」。题干已经给了 attitudes to children 对应后者,空格就是前者 → family's wealth
D 为什么不对:文章从头到尾没提到「medical care」是研究排除的因素,这是脑补出来的。
Summary 填空看到 A and B 结构,若 B 已给,A 必然在原文的并列句里。找到 family's wealth OR values its children 就能 100% 锁死答案。
Q18 Summary 填空 · 主题词
题干:...and it has been shown that ___18___ can in itself improve infant health and survival.
你的答案 · G
adults and children
正确答案 · F
maternal literacy
teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children's health and survival.
定位:原文末句 + 全文核心论点:maternal literacy(母亲识字)本身就能提高婴儿健康和存活率。teaching reading to adult women = 让成年女性识字 = maternal literacy。
G 为什么不对:「adults and children」语法上接不住 improve infant health and survival——「成人和儿童能提高婴儿健康」逻辑不通。
填完必须把整句读一遍。G 塞进去读起来就别扭,这时候就该警觉。Summary 主题词一定紧扣全文核心(本篇 = maternal literacy)。
Q21 Y/N/NG · 数据同义替换
题干:Before and after the National Literacy Crusade, the child mortality rate for the illiterate women stayed at about 110 deaths for each thousand live births.
你的答案
NO
正确答案
YES
In the late 1970s, the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 deaths per thousand live births. ... In 1985, after the National Literacy Crusade had ended, the infant mortality figures for those who remained illiterate and for those educated in primary school remained more or less unchanged.
定位:原文给了两个时间点数据:
· 1970s 末:illiterate mothers 的婴儿死亡率 = 110/1000
· 1985 年(运动后):remained illiterate 的死亡率 remained more or less unchanged(基本不变)
题干「运动前后,文盲女性的孩子死亡率都停在 110 左右」→ 完全匹配 → YES
选 NO 的原因:看到 stayed at about 110 太绝对就想否定,但原文明说 remained more or less unchanged(基本没变)。
看到 stayed at about / more or less unchanged 这类表达,只要关键数据能在原文找到支撑,果断 YES。不要被具体数字吓住。
Q23 Y/N/NG · 极值词必须逐一对比
题干:The women who had learnt to read through the National Literacy Crusade had the lowest rates of child mortality.
你的答案
NOT GIVEN
正确答案
NO
For women educated in primary school, however, the infant mortality rate was significantly lower, at 80 per thousand. ... For those women who learnt to read through the campaign, the infant mortality rate was 84 per thousand...
数据对比:
· 仍为文盲:110/1000
· 小学受教育女性:80/1000(最低)
· 扫盲运动学会识字:84/1000
题干「扫盲运动的女性死亡率最低」→ 小学教育的 80 比扫盲运动的 84 还低 → 原文直接矛盾 → NO
选 NG 的原因:数据太多懒得对比,觉得「原文没明说谁最低」就选 NG。但 80 < 84 是肉眼可见的事实。
lowest / highest / most / largest 等极值词,必须把原文所有对比对象的数据列出来逐一比较。只要原文给了数据,就是 YES/NO,不是 NG——数据类极值题几乎没有 NG。
Q24 Y/N/NG · 比较级不支持绝对程度
题干:After the National Literacy Crusade, the children of the women who remained illiterate were found to be severely malnourished.
你的答案
YES
正确答案
NOT GIVEN
The children of the newly-literate mothers were also better nourished than those of women who could not read.
定位:原文只说「新识字妈妈的孩子 文盲妈妈的孩子营养更好」→ 这是相对比较
题干说「文盲女性的孩子 severely malnourished(严重营养不良)」→ 这是绝对程度判断
原文从未说文盲妈妈的孩子「严重营养不良」,可能只是「相对差一点」,也可能完全没问题。
选 YES 的原因:看到 better nourished 就顺着推「那另一组就是差」,再跳一步推成「严重营养不良」。典型的过度推理。
「A 比 B 好」≠「B 很差」。比较级只告诉你相对关系,绝对程度必须在原文找到同强度证据。见到 severely / extremely / completely / totally 等强度词,原文没有同级证据就是 NG。
Q25 双选题 · B 反向陷阱
题干:Which TWO important implications drawn from the Nicaraguan study are mentioned by the writer?
你的答案 · B + E
B 错选(Similar campaigns in other countries would be equally successful)
正确答案 · C + E
C(effects can be seen very quickly)+ E
关于 B 的原文:
Cleland warns that the Nicaraguan crusade was special in many ways, and similar campaigns elsewhere might not work as well. ... many literacy campaigns in other countries have been much less successful.

关于 C 的原文:
'we'd have to wait a generation for the pay-off. The Nicaraguan study suggests we may be able to bypass that.'
B 为什么错:原文明说 Nicaraguan 运动 special in many ways、其他国家可能 might not work as well → 与 B 的 equally successful 完全相反 → 典型反向陷阱
C 为什么对:Cleland 原话「本以为要等一代人才能见效,尼加拉瓜研究说我们可以 bypass that」→ 意思就是「见效很快」,对应 C 的 can be seen very quickly
E 为什么对:原文提到 World Bank 建议增加教育预算来改善儿童健康——钱花在女性教育上能改善儿童健康。
双选题几乎一定有反向陷阱。选项含 similar / equally / all / always 绝对词时警惕:原文若说 special / unique / might not / less successful,对应选项必反。每个选项至少在原文找到 2 条支撑才能动手。
本篇核心规律(必背)
① Summary 填空:主题词 + 并列结构双重锁定
· 全文主题词(本篇 = maternal literacy)在 summary 里几乎一定出现
· 题干 A and B 中若 B 已给,A 必在原文并列句里
· 填完把整句读一遍,语感不通就是错的(Q18 的 G. adults and children 塞进去明显不通)

② Y/N/NG 强度词 / 极值词陷阱
· Q24:「A 比 B 好」≠「B 严重差」。比较级不支持绝对程度(severely/extremely)
· Q23:lowest/highest 等极值词,必须把所有对比数据列出再判断。原文给了数据就是 YES/NO,不要选 NG
· Q21:数据同义替换(stayed at aboutremained unchanged)要敢 YES

③ 双选题反向陷阱识别
· 选项含 similar / equally / all / always / every 绝对词优先警惕
· 原文若有 special / unique / might not / less 等差异词,对应绝对选项必反
· B 选项就是典型反向陷阱:原文 less successful / might not work,B 却说 equally successful → 秒排
重点词汇(16 个)
词汇释义真题出现
literateadj. 识字的,有文化的Q18 题干
illiterateadj. 文盲的,不识字的Q21 / Q24
maternaladj. 母亲的,母系的(本篇主题词)Q15 / Q18 / Q25-26
literacyn. 识字能力,读写能力Q14 / Q18 / 全文主题
infant mortalityn. 婴儿死亡率(核心考点词)Q20 / Q21 / Q22
survivaln. 幸存,存活Q18
crusaden. 运动,改革运动(原意:十字军)Q14 / Q21 / Q22
well-nourishedadj. 营养良好的Q24 对比
malnourishedadj. 营养不良的(Q24 陷阱词)Q24 题干
severelyadv. 严重地,极度地(强度词警戒)Q24
imply / implicationv./n. 暗示;含义,影响Q25-26
pay-offn. 回报,成效Q25-26 C
bypassv. 绕过,跳过(= very quickly 的同义替换)Q25-26 C
interventionn. 干预,介入Q25-26 E
replicatev. 复制,重复Q25-26 B 陷阱关键词
curriculumn. 课程倒数第 3 段
同义替换积累
题目表述原文表述题号
international research teamresearchers from Liverpool + Nicaragua + Costa Rica(多国机构)Q16 ★
family wealthfamily's wealth(并列结构)Q17 ★
maternal literacyteaching reading to poor adult womenQ18 ★
stayed at about 110remained more or less unchangedQ21
lowest rates of child mortality80 per thousand(primary school 最低,不是运动组)Q23
severely malnourishedbetter nourished than those of women who could not read(仅比较级)Q24 反例
effects can be seen very quicklybypass that(原要等一代人)Q25 C ★
equally successfulspecial in many ways / might not work as well(陷阱反向)Q25 B 反例
下一步行动
① Summary 填空专项:剑 6 T4 全错 3 题——做剑 7 / 剑 8 的 Summary 专项 5 篇,每题要求「原文定位句截图 + 并列结构判断」。
② Y/N/NG 强度词清单:建立陷阱词库(severely / lowest / always / never / consistently / all),每道题先圈题干强度词。
③ 时间控制:35 分钟太久。新节奏 — Summary 8 分钟 + Y/N/NG 7 分钟 + 双选题 5 分钟 = 20 分钟。
④ 双选题方法:每个选项必须找到 2 条原文证据,不能凭感觉选;含绝对词(similar / equally)的选项先回原文验证是否与 special / might not 冲突。